Lesson2-Part1

Please watch the movie and study the words. Then, examine the sentences made with the words used in the episode.

When to Use “-ydi” Suffix:
Adjectives/Nouns Ending in a Vowel:

When the root word ends in a vowel, especially for adjectives or nouns describing a state or quality, you generally use “-ydi” (or its variants). The vowel harmony of the suffix aligns with the vowel in the root word.
Vowel Harmony:

The suffix changes based on the last vowel of the root word:
**For a, ı: use “-dı” (e.g., “kötü” → “kötüydü”).
**For e, i: use “-di” (e.g., “zeki” → “zekiydi”).
**For o, u: use “-du” (e.g., “soğuk” → “soğuktu”).
**For ö, ü: use “-dü” (e.g., “gözlü” → “gözlüydü”).

When to Use “di” Suffix:

Using “-di” with Consonants
Past Tense with Adjectives/Nouns Ending in a Consonant:

For adjectives or nouns that end in a consonant, the suffix “-di” is often used to indicate a past state or quality.
This form of the suffix is added directly to the root word.
Examples:

“Zengin” (Rich):

Root Word: “zengin” ends in a consonant (“n”).
Past Tense Form: “zengindi” (he/she was rich).
Here, “-di” is used to form the past tense.
“Temiz” (Clean):

Root Word: “temiz” ends in a consonant (“z”).
Past Tense Form: “temizdi” (it was clean).
Again, “-di” is used to indicate the past state.
Summary
For adjectives or nouns ending in a consonant, use “-di” to indicate a past state or quality. This is a straightforward way to form the past tense for such words.
In contrast, when the root word ends in a vowel, the suffix changes based on vowel harmony (e.g., “-ydi”, “-du”, “-dü”), as discussed in previous explanations.

Consonant-Endings:

1. küçük (small)
   • Past Tense Form: küçüktü
   • Explanation: Ends in a vowel (“k”); use “-dü”.
2. zengin (rich)
   • Past Tense Form: zengindi
   • Explanation: Ends in a consonant (“n”); use “-di”.
3. temiz (clean)
   • Past Tense Form: temizdi
   • Explanation: Ends in a consonant (“z”); use “-di”.
4. yüksek (high)
   • Past Tense Form: yüksekti
   • Explanation: Ends in a consonant (“k”); use “-di”.

Vowel-Endings:

1. güçlü (strong)
   • Past Tense Form: güçlüydü
   • Explanation: Ends in a vowel (“ü”); use “-ydi”
2. iyi (good)
   • Past Tense Form: iyiydi
   • Explanation: Ends in a vowel (“i”); use “-ydi”.
4. eski (old)
   • Past Tense Form: eskidi
   • Explanation: Ends in a vowel (“i”); use “-ydi”.
5. doğru (correct)
   • Past Tense Form: doğruydu
   • Explanation: Ends in a vowel (“u”); use “-ydu”.

Notes:

• For words ending in vowels, the suffix adjusts based on vowel harmony:
  • For root words ending in a or ı: “-ydı” (e.g., “kaba” → “kabaydı”).
  • For root words ending in e or i: “-ydi” (e.g., “iyi” → “iyiydi”).
  • For root words ending in o or u: “-ydu” (e.g., “doğru” → “doğruydu”).
  • For root words ending in ö or ü: “-dü” (e.g., “küçük” → “küçüktü”). (When “-dü” is added to a word ending in “k”, the “d” in the suffix softens to “t”.)

Even if you say ”küçükdü”, it’s okay 🙂
Be relaxed while speaking. Add the first suffix that comes to your mind. You should listen to Turkish every day to learn Turkish sound harmony.