Lesson9-Section2
How to Say ‘From’ in Turkish
Turkish Vowel Harmony Rules (Dotted vs. Undotted Vowels)
Lesson: Usage of the Suffixes -den, -dan, -ten, -tan
In Turkish, the suffixes -den, -dan, -ten, and -tan are used to indicate origin, meaning “from”. These suffixes are added to words to show where something is coming from. The choice between -den / -dan or -ten / -tan depends on the final vowel in the word, and this follows the vowel harmony rules.
-den and -dan are used after undotted vowels (a, ı, o, u).
-ten and -tan are used after dotted vowels (e, i, ö, ü).
| Turkish Word | Suffix | Word with Suffix | Explanation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Okul | -dan | Okuldan | Last vowel is ‘u’ (undotted), so -dan is used. | From the school |
| Ev | -den | Evden | Last vowel is ‘e’ , so -den is used. | From the house |
| Banka | -dan | Bankadan | Last vowel is ‘a’ (undotted), so -dan is used. | From the bank |
| Sınıf | -dan | Sınıftan | Last vowel is ‘ı’ (undotted), so -dan is used.Last letter is ”f” so we used ”tan” | From the classroom |
| Köy | -den | Köyden | Last vowel is ‘ö’ (dotted), so -den is used. | From the village |
| Şehir | -den | Şehirden | Last vowel is ‘e’ (dotted), so -den is used. | From the city |
| Tuz | -dan | Tuzdan | Last vowel is ‘u’ (undotted), so -dan is used. | From the salt |
| Kadın | -dan | Kadından | Last vowel is ‘ı’ (undotted), so -dan is used. | From the woman |
| Emre | -den | Emreden | Last vowel is ‘e’ , so -den is used. | From Emre |
| İzmit(city name) | -den | İzmitten | Last vowel is ‘i’ (undotted), so -den is used.Last letter is ”t”so we used ”ten” | From Izmit |
Enhanced Turkish Ablative Case Suffix Table
| Turkish Word | Last Vowel (Dotted/Undotted) | Final Letter | Suffix | Word with Suffix | Explanation (Step-by-Step) | English Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Okul | u (undotted) | l (voiced) | -dan | Okuldan | 1. Last vowel u: undotted → -da-.2. l voiced → -dan. |
From the school |
| 2. Ev | e (dotted) | v (voiced) | -den | Evden | 1. Last vowel e: dotted → -de-.2. v voiced → -den. |
From the house |
| 3. Sınıf | ı (undotted) | f (voiceless) | -tan | Sınıftan | 1. Last vowel ı: undotted → -ta-.2. f voiceless → -tan. |
From the classroom |
| 4. İzmit | i (dotted) | t (voiceless) | -ten | İzmit’ten | 1. Last vowel i: dotted → -te-.2. t voiceless → -ten.3. Proper noun: apostrophe added |
From İzmit |
| 5. Kuş | u (undotted) | ş (voiceless) | -tan | Kuştan | 1. u undotted → -ta-.2. ş voiceless → -tan. |
From the bird |
| 6. Ülke | e (dotted) | e (vowel) | -den | Ülkeden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the country |
| 7. Kitap | a (undotted) | p (voiceless) | -tan | Kitaptan | 1. a undotted → -ta-.2. p voiceless → -tan. |
From the book |
| 8. Göl | ö (dotted) | l (voiced) | -den | Gölden | 1. ö dotted → -de-.2. l voiced → -den. |
From the lake |
| 9. Yol | o (undotted) | l (voiced) | -dan | Yoldan | 1. o undotted → -da-.2. l voiced → -dan. |
From the road |
| 10. Kış | ı (undotted) | ş (voiceless) | -tan | Kıştan | 1. ı undotted → -ta-.2. ş voiceless → -tan. |
From the winter |
| 11. Çiçek | e (dotted) | k (voiceless) | -ten | Çiçekten | 1. e dotted → -te-.2. k voiceless → -ten. |
From the flower |
| 12. Dağ | a (undotted) | ğ (voiced) | -dan | Dağdan | 1. a undotted → -da-.2. ğ voiced → -dan. |
From the mountain |
| 13. Ödev | e (dotted) | v (voiced) | -den | Ödevden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. v voiced → -den. |
From the homework |
| 14. Pencere | e (dotted) | e (vowel) | -den | Pencereden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the window |
| 15. Futbol | o (undotted) | l (voiced) | -dan | Futboldan | 1. o undotted → -da-.2. l voiced → -dan. |
From football |
| 16. Tünel | e (dotted) | l (voiced) | -den | Tünelden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. l voiced → -den. |
From the tunnel |
| 17. Saat | a (undotted) | t (voiceless) | -tan | Saatten | 1. a undotted → -ta-.2. t voiceless → -tan. |
From the clock |
| 18. Köprü | ü (dotted) | ü (vowel) | -den | Köprüden | 1. ü dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the bridge |
| 19. Koltuk | u (undotted) | k (voiceless) | -tan | Koltuktan | 1. u undotted → -ta-.2. k voiceless → -tan. |
From the armchair |
| 20. Müze | e (dotted) | e (vowel) | -den | Müzeden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the museum |
| 21. Hasta | a (undotted) | a (vowel) | -dan | Hastadan | 1. a undotted → -da-.2. Ends with vowel → -dan. |
From the patient |
| 22. Çanta | a (undotted) | a (vowel) | -dan | Çantadan | 1. a undotted → -da-.2. Ends with vowel → -dan. |
From the bag |
| 23. İstanbul | u (undotted) | l (voiced) | -dan | İstanbul‘dan | 1. u undotted → -da-.2. l voiced → -dan.3. Proper noun: apostrophe |
From İstanbul |
| 24. Tepe | e (dotted) | e (vowel) | -den | Tepeden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the hill |
| 25. Kapı | ı (undotted) | ı (vowel) | -dan | Kapıdan | 1. ı undotted → -da-.2. Ends with vowel → -dan. |
From the door |
| 26. Gökyüzü | ü (dotted) | ü (vowel) | -den | Gökyüzünden | 1. ü dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. Note: Buffer -n- added |
From the sky |
| 27. Ağaç | a (undotted) | ç (voiceless) | -tan | Ağaçtan | 1. a undotted → -ta-.2. ç voiceless → -tan. |
From the tree |
| 28. Öğretmen | e (dotted) | n (voiced) | -den | Öğretmenden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. n voiced → -den. |
From the teacher |
| 29. Bulut | u (undotted) | t (voiceless) | -tan | Buluttan | 1. u undotted → -ta-.2. t voiceless → -tan. |
From the cloud |
| 30. Kalem | e (dotted) | m (voiced) | -den | Kalemden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. m voiced → -den. |
From the pencil |
| 31. Kuaför | ö (dotted) | r (voiced) | -den | Kuaförden | 1. ö dotted → -de-.2. r voiced → -den. |
From the hairdresser |
| 32. Uçak | a (undotted) | k (voiceless) | -tan | Uçaktan | 1. a undotted → -ta-.2. k voiceless → -tan. |
From the airplane |
| 33. Meyve | e (dotted) | e (vowel) | -den | Meyveden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the fruit |
| 34. Tarih | i (dotted) | h (voiceless) | -ten | Tarihten | 1. i dotted → -te-.2. h voiceless → -ten. |
From history |
| 35. Kedi | i (dotted) | i (vowel) | -den | Kediden | 1. i dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the cat |
| 36. Araba | a (undotted) | a (vowel) | -dan | Arabadan | 1. a undotted → -da-.2. Ends with vowel → -dan. |
From the car |
| 37. Güneş | e (dotted) | ş (voiceless) | -ten | Güneşten | 1. e dotted → -te-.2. ş voiceless → -ten. |
From the sun |
| 38. Çocuk | u (undotted) | k (voiceless) | -tan | Çocuktan | 1. u undotted → -ta-.2. k voiceless → -tan. |
From the child |
| 39. Anne | e (dotted) | e (vowel) | -den | Anneden | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. |
From the mother |
| 40. Türkiye | e (dotted) | e (vowel) | -den | Türkiye‘den | 1. e dotted → -de-.2. Ends with vowel → -den. 3. Proper noun: apostrophe |
From Turkey |
Consonant Assimilation: Voiced vs. Voiceless Endings
1. “Köpekten korkuyorum.” 🐶
(I’m scared of the dog)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Köpekten korkuyorum | Suffix shows origin of fear |
| Word Root | köpek | |
| Last Vowel | e (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → requires -de/-te form |
| Last Consonant | k (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -te- instead of -de- |
| Suffix Reason | -ten | e (dotted) + k (voiceless) = -ten |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Köpek | Dog |
| Korkmak | To be afraid |
2. “Arabadan indim.” 🚗
(I got out of the car)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Arabadan indim | Suffix marks source of exit |
| Word Root | araba | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → requires -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | a (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → uses voiced -da- |
| Suffix Reason | -dan | a (undotted) + vowel ending = -dan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Araba | Car |
| İnmek | To get off |
3. “Fransa’dan döndüm.” 🇫🇷✈️
(I returned from France)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Fransa‘dan döndüm | Suffix indicates starting point |
| Word Root | Fransa | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | a (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → uses -da- |
| Suffix Reason | -‘dan | Proper noun + vowel ending → -‘dan (apostrophe required) |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Fransa | France |
| Dönmek | To return |
4. “Kitaptan öğrendim.” 📚✨
(I learned from the book)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Kitaptan öğrendim | Suffix shows source of knowledge |
| Word Root | kitap | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | p (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -ta- instead of -da- |
| Suffix Reason | -tan | a (undotted) + p (voiceless) = -tan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Kitap | Book |
| Öğrenmek | To learn |
5. “Denizden çıktım.” 🌊🏖️
(I came out of the sea)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Denizden çıktım | Suffix marks origin of movement |
| Word Root | deniz | |
| Last Vowel | i (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → requires -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | z (voiced 🔊) | Voiced consonant → -de- form |
| Suffix Reason | -den | i (dotted) + z (voiced) = -den |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Deniz | Sea |
| Çıkmak | To exit |
How to Say ‘From’ in Turkish
1. “Hastaneden çıktım.” 🏥
(I left the hospital)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Hastaneden çıktım | Suffix shows origin of departure |
| Word Root | hastane | |
| Last Vowel | e (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → requires -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | e (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → uses voiced -de- |
| Suffix Reason | -den | e (dotted) + vowel ending = -den |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Hastane | Hospital |
| Çıkmak | To exit |
2. “Uçaktan indik.” ✈️
(We disembarked from the plane)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Uçaktan indik | Suffix marks source of exit |
| Word Root | uçak | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → requires -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | k (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -ta- form |
| Suffix Reason | -tan | a (undotted) + k (voiceless) = -tan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Uçak | Airplane |
| İnmek | To disembark |
3. “Öğretmenden özür diledim.” 👩🏫
(I apologized to the teacher)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Öğretmenden özür diledim | Suffix indicates source of apology (ablative for indirect object) |
| Word Root | öğretmen | |
| Last Vowel | e (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | n (voiced 🔊) | Voiced consonant → -de- form |
| Suffix Reason | -den | e (dotted) + n (voiced) = -den |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Öğretmen | Teacher |
| Özür dilemek | To apologize |
4. “Türkiye’den geldim.” 🇹🇷✈️
(I came from Turkey)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Türkiye‘den geldim | Suffix marks origin of movement |
| Word Root | Türkiye | |
| Last Vowel | e (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | e (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → voiced -de- |
| Suffix Reason | -‘den | Proper noun + vowel ending → -‘den (apostrophe required) |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Türkiye | Turkey |
| Gelmek | To come |
5. “Ağaçtan elma topladık.” 🌳🍎
(We picked apples from the tree)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Ağaçtan elma topladık | Suffix shows source of object |
| Word Root | ağaç | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | ç (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -ta- form |
| Suffix Reason | -tan | a (undotted) + ç (voiceless) = -tan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Ağaç | Tree |
| Toplamak | To gather |
6. “Masadan kalktı.” 🪑
(He/she got up from the table)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Masadan kalktı | Suffix marks point of departure |
| Word Root | masa | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | a (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → voiced -da- |
| Suffix Reason | -dan | a (undotted) + vowel ending = -dan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Masa | Table |
| Kalkmak | To get up |
7. “Köyden şehre taşındık.” 🌆🚜
(We moved from village to city)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Köyden şehre taşındık | Suffix shows origin of relocation |
| Word Root | köy | |
| Last Vowel | ö (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | y (voiced 🔊) | Voiced consonant → -de- form |
| Suffix Reason | -den | ö (dotted) + y (voiced) = -den |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Köy | Village |
| Taşınmak | To relocate |
8. “Kutudan çıkan sürpriz!” 🎁
(Surprise coming from the box!)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Kutudan çıkan sürpriz | Suffix indicates source of emergence |
| Word Root | kutu | |
| Last Vowel | u (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | u (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → voiced -da- |
| Suffix Reason | -dan | u (undotted) + vowel ending = -dan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Kutu | Box |
| Çıkmak | To emerge |
9. “Güneşten korunmalıyız.” ☀️🧴
(We must protect ourselves from the sun)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Güneşten korunmalıyız | Suffix shows source of harm (protective action origin) |
| Word Root | güneş | |
| Last Vowel | e (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | ş (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -te- form |
| Suffix Reason | -ten | e (dotted) + ş (voiceless) = -ten |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Güneş | Sun |
| Korunmak | To protect oneself |
10. “Annemden mektup aldım.” ✉️❤️
(I received a letter from my mother)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Annemden mektup aldım | Suffix marks origin/sender |
| Word Root | anne | |
| Last Vowel | e (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | e (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → voiced -de- |
| Suffix Reason | -den | e (dotted) + vowel ending = -den (Note: Possessive suffix -m added) |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Mektup | Letter |
| Almak | To receive |
11. “Soğuktan titriyor.” ❄️
(He/she is shivering from cold)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Soğuktan titriyor | Suffix shows cause of action |
| Word Root | soğuk | |
| Last Vowel | u (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | k (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -ta- form |
| Suffix Reason | -tan | u (undotted) + k (voiceless) = -tan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Soğuk | Cold |
| Titremek | To shiver |
12. “Denizden balık tuttuk.” 🎣🐟
(We caught fish from the sea)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Denizden balık tuttuk | Suffix marks source of resource |
| Word Root | deniz | |
| Last Vowel | i (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | z (voiced 🔊) | Voiced consonant → -de- form |
| Suffix Reason | -den | i (dotted) + z (voiced) = -den |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Balık | Fish |
| Tutmak | To catch |
13. “Yastıktan kalkamıyorum.” 🛌
(I can’t get up from the pillow)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Yastıktan kalkamıyorum | Suffix shows point of resistance |
| Word Root | yastık | |
| Last Vowel | ı (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | k (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -ta- form |
| Suffix Reason | -tan | ı (undotted) + k (voiceless) = -tan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Yastık | Pillow |
| Kalkamamak | To be unable to rise |
14. “Rüyadan uyandım.” 💤
(I woke up from a dream)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Rüyadan uyandım | Suffix marks source of awakening |
| Word Root | rüya | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | a (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → voiced -da- |
| Suffix Reason | -dan | a (undotted) + vowel ending = -dan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Rüya | Dream |
| Uyanmak | To wake up |
15. “Televizyondan öğrendim.” 📺
(I learned from television)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Televizyondan öğrendim | Suffix shows source of information |
| Word Root | televizyon | |
| Last Vowel | o (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | n (voiced 🔊) | Voiced consonant → -da- form |
| Suffix Reason | -dan | o (undotted) + n (voiced) = -dan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Televizyon | Television |
| Öğrenmek | To learn |
16. “Dolaptan tabak aldım.” 🍽️
(I took a plate from the cupboard)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Dolaptan tabak aldım | Suffix marks source of object |
| Word Root | dolap | |
| Last Vowel | a (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | p (voiceless 🔇) | Voiceless consonant → -ta- form |
| Suffix Reason | -tan | a (undotted) + p (voiceless) = -tan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Dolap | Cupboard |
| Tabak | Plate |
17. “Okuldan mezun oldum.” 🎓
(I graduated from school)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Okuldan mezun oldum | Suffix marks institution of graduation |
| Word Root | okul | |
| Last Vowel | u (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | l (voiced 🔊) | Voiced consonant → -da- form |
| Suffix Reason | -dan | u (undotted) + l (voiced) = -dan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Mezun olmak | To graduate |
18. “Kediden korkarım.” 😼
(I’m afraid of cats)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Kediden korkarım | Suffix shows source of fear |
| Word Root | kedi | |
| Last Vowel | i (dotted ✏️) | Dotted vowel → -de/-te |
| Last Consonant | i (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → voiced -de- |
| Suffix Reason | -den | i (dotted) + vowel ending = -den |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Kedi | Cat |
| Korkmak | To fear |
19. “Yağmurdan ıslandık.” ☔
(We got wet from the rain)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Yağmurdan ıslandık | Suffix shows cause of state |
| Word Root | yağmur | |
| Last Vowel | u (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | r (voiced 🔊) | Voiced consonant → -da- form |
| Suffix Reason | -dan | u (undotted) + r (voiced) = -dan |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Yağmur | Rain |
| Islanmak | To get wet |
20. “Yurtdışından geldi.” 🌍✈️
(He/she came from abroad)
| Category | Content | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Yurtdışı‘ndan geldi | Suffix marks geographical origin |
| Word Root | yurtdışı | |
| Last Vowel | ı (undotted 🔵) | Undotted vowel → -da/-ta |
| Last Consonant | ı (vowel 🎵) | Vowel ending → -da- (Note: Buffer -n- added before suffix) |
| Suffix Reason | -‘ndan | Compound noun + vowel ending → -‘ndan (apostrophe + buffer -n-) |
📚 Vocabulary:
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Yurtdışı | Abroad |
| Gelmek | To come |
🎯 Golden Rules Recap:
-
Vowel Harmony:
-
🔵 -dan/-tan: After a, ı, o, u
-
✏️ -den/-ten: After e, i, ö, ü
-
-
Consonant Rule:
-
🔊 -dan/-den: After vowels/voiced consonants (b,c,d,g,ğ,j,l,m,n,r,v,y,z)
-
🔇 -tan/-ten: After voiceless consonants (ç,f,h,k,p,s,ş,t)
-
-
Special Cases:
-
✂️ Apostrophe for proper nouns (Türkiye‘den)
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🎵 Buffer -n- for vowel endings in compound nouns (yurtdışı‘ndan)
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💡 Pro Tip: First check the last vowel (dotted/undotted), then check the last letter (voiced/voiceless) to choose the correct suffix! 😊