Explanation in English

1. Verb Root: The root of a Turkish verb is the fundamental part that carries the meaning of the verb. For example, “öğren-” (learn), “yaz-” (write), “konuş-” (speak), etc.
2. Present Continuous Suffix “-iyor”: To form the present continuous tense, the verb root is followed by the suffix “-iyor.” However, attention is paid to vowel harmony in Turkish. For instance:
   • “öğrenmek” (to learn) -> “öğreniyor” (is learning)
   • “yazmak” (to write) -> “yazıyor” (is writing)
   • “konuşmak” (to speak) -> “konuşuyor” (is speaking)
3. Personal Suffixes: Personal suffixes are added to indicate who is performing the action in the present continuous tense. These suffixes are as follows:
   • I -> “-yorum”
   • You (singular) -> “-yorsun”
   • He/She -> “-yor”
   • We -> “-yoruz”
   • You (plural/formal) -> “-yorsunuz”
   • They -> “-yorlar”

For example:

• “Ben öğreniyorum.” (I am learning.)
• “Sen yazıyorsun.” (You are writing.)
• “O konuşuyor.” (He/She is speaking.)
• “Biz çalışıyoruz.” (We are working.)
• “Siz okuyorsunuz.” (You are reading.)
• “Onlar gülüyorlar.” (They are laughing.)

In this way, in Turkish, the present continuous tense is formed by adding “-iyor” to the verb root and using appropriate personal suffixes.