Turkish Lesson 18-Section1

Learn Turkish (Turkish history-related expressions)

1. Tarih sizin için önemli mi?
   • Tarih = History
   • sizin için = for you
   • önemli = important
   • mi = question particle
     Translation: Is history important to you?
   • Explanation: “Mi” is the question particle and comes after the adjective “önemli.”
2. Hatırladığın en ilginç tarihi olay ne?
   • Hatırladığın = That you remember (hatırla = remember, -dığın = that you …)
   • en ilginç = the most interesting
   • tarihi = historical (tarih = history, -i = accusative suffix)
   • olay = event
     Translation: what is the most interesting historical event you remember?
   • Explanation: This is a question without “mi,” structured for conversational tone.
3. Farklı kiliseler oluşturuldu.
   • Farklı = Different
   • kiliseler = churches (kilise = church, -ler = plural suffix)
   • oluşturuldu = were formed (oluştur = to form, -uldu = past passive tense suffix)
     Translation: Different churches were formed.
4. Çok sevmiyorum.
   • Çok = Much/very
   • sevmiyorum = I don’t like (sev = like, -miyor = negative present continuous, -um = personal suffix for “I”)
     Translation: I don’t like it very much.
5. Okulda tarih okuyor muydun?
   • Okulda = At school
   • tarih = History
   • okuyor = Were you studying (oku = read/study, -yor = present continuous suffix)
   • mu = question particle
   • ydun = past suffix for “you”
     Translation: Were you studying history at school?
6. Okulda tarih okuyordum.
   • Okulda = At school
   • tarih = History
   • okuyordum = I was studying (oku = read/study, -yor = present continuous, -dum = past tense personal suffix for “I”)
     Translation: I was studying history at school.
7. Türk tarihi hakkında okudun mu?
   • Türk tarihi = Turkish history
   • hakkında = about
   • okudun = Did you read (oku = read, -dun = past tense for “you”)
   • mu = question particle
     Translation: Have you read about Turkish history?
8. Osmanlı hakkında hiç okumadım.
   • Osmanlı = Ottoman
   • hakkında = about
   • hiç = never
   • okumadım = I have not read (oku = read, -ma = negative, -dım = past tense for “I”)
     Translation: I have never read about the Ottoman Empire.
9. Eskiden Rusya ve Türkiye ilişkileri nasıldı?
   • Eskiden = In the past
   • Rusya = Russia
   • ve = and
   • Türkiye = Turkey
   • ilişkileri = relations (ilişki = relation, -ler = plural, -i = possessive suffix)
   • nasıldı = How were they? (nasıl = how, -dı = past tense)
     Translation: How were the relations between Russia and Turkey in the past?
10. Savaşmak
    • To fight (verb in infinitive form)
11. Savaştı or savaş yaptı.
    • Savaştı = Fought (savaş = fight, -tı = past tense for “he/she/it”)
    • savaş yaptı = Made a war (savaş = war, yap = do/make, -tı = past tense)
      Translation: He/She/It fought or waged war.
12. Osmanlı en çok Ruslarla savaştı.
    • Osmanlı = Ottoman
    • en çok = the most
    • Ruslarla = with Russians (Rus = Russian, -lar = plural, -la = with)
    • savaştı = fought
      Translation: The Ottoman Empire fought the most with the Russians.

Explanation of Key Grammar Points:

1. Word-by-Word Meanings: Provided for each sentence to understand its structure.
2. Suffix Analysis:
   • Past tense (-dı/-tı): Indicates actions that happened in the past.
   • Personal suffixes (-um, -sun, -du): Specify the subject of the verb.
   • Plural (-lar, -ler): Adds “s” equivalent to form plural nouns.